Discover the inspiring biography of Srimanta Sankardev, the 15th-century Assamese saint, poet, and social reformer. Learn about his life, teachings, and contributions to Assamese culture and spirituality.

Srimanta Sankardev Biography

Srimanta Sankardev Biography 

Introduction

Srimanta Sankardev, a name synonymous with Assamese culture, spirituality, and social reform, is one of the most revered figures in Indian history. Born in the 15th century, he was a polymath—a saint, poet, playwright, musician, and social reformer who transformed the cultural and spiritual landscape of Assam. His teachings and works continue to inspire millions even today. In this detailed biography, we explore the life, legacy, and contributions of Srimanta Sankardev, a true visionary of his time.

Early Life and Birth of Srimanta Sankardev

Srimanta Sankardev was born in 1449 in Alipukhuri, near Bordowa in present-day Nagaon district, Assam. His parents, Kusumbar Bhuyan and Satyasandhya, named him Sankaravara. From a young age, Sankardev exhibited extraordinary intelligence and a deep inclination toward spirituality.  

Legend has it that Sankardev’s birth was divinely ordained. His parents had prayed fervently to Lord Vishnu for a child, and their prayers were answered with the birth of Sankardev, who would later become a beacon of spiritual enlightenment.

Education and Spiritual Awakening

Sankardev received his early education in a traditional tol (school) where he studied Sanskrit, grammar, and Hindu scriptures. However, his spiritual journey truly began when he embarked on a 12-year pilgrimage across India at the age of 32. During this time, he visited major religious centers, including Puri, Vrindavan, Mathura, and Kashi, where he interacted with scholars and saints.  

This pilgrimage deepened his understanding of Bhakti (devotion) and inspired him to propagate a form of Vaishnavism that was inclusive and accessible to all, regardless of caste or creed.

Philosophy and Teachings

Srimanta Sankardev’s philosophy was rooted in Eka Sarana Naam Dharma, which emphasized devotion to a single God—Lord Krishna or Vishnu. He rejected ritualistic practices and caste discrimination, advocating for a simple, devotion-based path to salvation.  

His teachings were revolutionary for their time, as they challenged the rigid social hierarchies and promoted equality. Sankardev believed that true devotion could be expressed through art, music, and literature, making spirituality accessible to the common people.

Contributions to Assamese Culture

Srimanta Sankardev’s contributions to Assamese culture are unparalleled. He is credited with founding the Sattriya dance form, one of the eight classical dance forms of India. He also composed Borgeets (devotional songs), which are still sung in Assam today.  

Here are some of his key contributions:  

1.Literature: Sankardev authored several literary masterpieces, including the Kirtan Ghosha, a collection of devotional verses, and Gunamala, a poetic work summarizing the essence of the Bhagavata Purana.  

2.Theater: He pioneered Ankiya Naat, a form of one-act play that combined music, dance, and drama to convey spiritual messages. His play Chihna Yatra is considered the first Assamese drama.  

3.Art and Music:Sankardev introduced new musical instruments like the khol and taal, which became integral to Assamese devotional music.  

Social Reforms and Legacy

Srimanta Sankardev was not just a spiritual leader but also a social reformer. He fought against caste discrimination and worked tirelessly to uplift marginalized communities. His Sattras (monastic institutions) became centers of learning, culture, and spirituality, fostering a sense of unity among people.  

His legacy lives on through the millions of followers of the Mahapuruxiya Dharma, a sect of Vaishnavism he founded. The annual Sankardev Tithi (death anniversary) is observed with great reverence in Assam and beyond.

Death and Immortal Influence

Srimanta Sankardev passed away in 1568 at the age of 119 in Cooch Behar (now in West Bengal). His physical presence may have left the world, but his teachings and works continue to inspire generations.  

Today, Sankardev is celebrated as the father of Assamese culture and a symbol of unity, equality, and devotion. His life and works are a testament to the power of spirituality and art in transforming society.

Why Srimanta Sankardev Matters Today 

In a world grappling with division and inequality, Srimanta Sankardev’s teachings offer a timeless message of unity and compassion. His emphasis on devotion, art, and social equality resonates with people across cultures and generations.  

For those seeking spiritual inspiration or a deeper understanding of Assamese culture, Sankardev’s life is a treasure trove of wisdom and creativity.

Conclusion

Srimanta Sankardev was not just a saint or a cultural icon; he was a visionary who reshaped the spiritual and cultural fabric of Assam. His life and works remind us of the power of devotion, art, and social reform in creating a more inclusive and harmonious world.  

Whether you are a student of history, a spiritual seeker, or someone curious about Assamese culture, Srimanta Sankardev’s biography is a story worth exploring. Let his legacy inspire you to embrace unity, creativity, and compassion in your own life.

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FAQ 

1.Who was Srimanta Sankardev?

Answer:- Srimanta Sankardev was a 15th–16th-century Assamese saint, scholar, poet, playwright, and social-religious reformer. He is credited with founding the Ekasarana Dharma, a monotheistic religion centered on devotion to Lord Krishna, and is considered the father of Assamese culture and literature.

2.What is Srimanta Sankardev's contribution to Assamese culture?

 Answer:- Srimanta Sankardev revolutionized Assamese culture by introducing new forms of art, literature, music, and theater. He composed the Borgeets (devotional songs), wrote plays (Ankiya Naat), and created the Sattriya dance form, which is now one of the classical dance forms of India.

3.What is Ekasarana Dharma?

 Answer:- Ekasarana Dharma is a monotheistic religion founded by Srimanta Sankardev, emphasizing devotion (bhakti) to Lord Krishna as the supreme deity. It rejects caste distinctions and focuses on equality, simplicity, and devotion.

4.What are Borgeets?

 Answer:- Borgeets are devotional songs composed by Srimanta Sankardev, written in Brajavali and Assamese. They are an integral part of Assamese culture and are sung in religious gatherings and cultural events.

5.What is Ankiya Naat?

Answer:Ankiya Naat is a form of one-act play created by Srimanta Sankardev. These plays are based on themes from Hindu epics like the *Bhagavata Purana* and are performed in a unique style with music, dance, and dialogue.

6.What is the significance of Sattriya dance?

Answer:- Sattriya dance is a classical dance form created by Srimanta Sankardev as part of his religious and cultural reforms. It was originally performed in monasteries (Sattras) and is now recognized as one of India's eight classical dance forms.

7.What are Srimanta Sankardev's major literary works?

 Answer:- Some of his major works include:

   - Kirtan Ghosha(a collection of devotional verses)

   - Gunamala (a poetic work summarizing the Bhagavata Purana)

   - Bhakti Ratnavali (a treatise on devotion)

   - Ankiya Naat plays like Chihna Yatra and Kaliya Daman.

8.How did Srimanta Sankardev promote social equality?

Answer:- Srimanta Sankardev promoted social equality by rejecting the caste system and advocating for the inclusion of all people, regardless of caste or creed, in religious and cultural practices. His teachings emphasized devotion to God as the path to salvation, accessible to everyone.

9.What is the role of Sattras in Sankardev's tradition?

Answer:- Sattras are monastic institutions established by Srimanta Sankardev and his followers to propagate Ekasarana Dharma. They serve as centers for religious, cultural, and educational activities, preserving his teachings, music, dance, and literature.

10.What is Srimanta Sankardev's legacy?

Answer:- Srimanta Sankardev's legacy includes:

   - Founding the Ekasarana Dharma.

   - Enriching Assamese literature, music, and performing arts.

   - Promoting social equality and religious reform.

   - Establishing the Sattriya dance and Ankiya Naat traditions.

   - Inspiring generations of Assamese people and contributing to the cultural identity of Assam.

Srimanta Sankardev remains a towering figure in Assamese history, and his contributions continue to influence the cultural and spiritual life of Assam and beyond.